Die chronologische Liste zeigt aktuelle Veröffentlichungen aus dem Forschungsbetrieb der Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf. Zuständig ist das Zentrum für Forschung und Wissenstransfer (ZFW).
Beatrice Tobisch,
Jennifer Schmidt,
Andreas Gattinger,
Prof. Dr. Klaus-Peter Wilbois
Berechtigungen: Open Access
Berechtigungen: Peer Reviewed
Wie die Soja schneller groß bekommen? Untersuchung von Saatbeigaben und Hydropriming zur Förderung des Jugendwachstums (2019) Innovatives Denken für eine nachhaltige Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft. Beiträge zur 15. Wissenschaftstagung Ökologischer Landbau, Kassel, 5. bis 8. März 2019, Verlag Dr. Köster, Berlin .
Prof. Dr. Klaus-Peter Wilbois,
Jennifer Elise Schmidt
Berechtigungen: Open Access
Berechtigungen: Peer Reviewed
Reframing the Debate Surrounding the Yield Gap between Organic and Conventional Farming (2019) Agronomy 9 (2), S. 1-16.
DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9020082
In this article, we review the literature regarding the yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture and then reflect on the corresponding debate on whether or not organic farming can feed the world. We analyze the current framework and highlight the need to reframe the yield gap debate away from “Can organic feed the world?” towards the more pragmatic question, “How can organic agriculture contribute to feeding the world?”. Furthermore, we challenge the benchmarks that are used in present yield comparison studies, as they are based on fundamentally distinct paradigms of the respective farming methods, and then come up with a novel model to better understand the nature of yield gaps and the benchmarks that they are premised on. We thus conclude that, by establishing appropriate benchmarks, re-prioritizing research needs, and focusing on transforming natural resources rather than inputs, organic systems can raise their yields and play an ever-greater role in global sustainable agriculture and food production in the future.
Bernd Horneburg,
Sabrina Seiffert,
Jennifer Elise Schmidt,
Monika Messmer,
Prof. Dr. Klaus-Peter Wilbois
Berechtigungen: Open Access
Berechtigungen: Peer Reviewed
Weed tolerance in soybean: a direct selection system (2017) Plant Breeding 136 (3), S. 372-378.
DOI: 10.1111/pbr.12469
Weed competition can severely reduce soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) yields, particularly in organic systems. An efficient screening and breeding approach is needed to increase breeding progress for weed tolerance. This study sought to (i) establish a system for direct selection of competitive genotypes, (ii) evaluate genotypic differences in weed tolerance among six early‐maturing genotypes and (iii) assess the contribution of selected morphological traits to weed tolerance. A direct selection system providing two different levels of weed competition through all development stages of a soybean crop was developed, using mixtures of selected crop species as sown competitors. Two resulting mixtures induced intermediate (<30%) and strong (>50%) yield reduction, respectively. This selection system can be applied in screening and breeding programmes to facilitate breeding for weed tolerance. No significant difference in weed tolerance was detected between six soybean genotypes of maturity groups 000 to 00. Morphological traits that might influence competitive ability, for example light absorption, leaf area and lateral shoots, were assessed, and their potential for indirect selection for weed tolerance is discussed.
Stephanie Zimmer,
Monika Messmer,
Thorsten Haase,
Hans-Peter Piepho,
Anke Mindermann,
Hannes Schulz,
Antje Habekuß,
Frank Ordon,
Prof. Dr. Klaus-Peter Wilbois,
Jürgen Heß
Berechtigungen: Peer Reviewed
Effects of soybean variety and Bradyrhizobium strains on yield, protein content and biological nitrogen fixation under cool growing conditions in Germany (2016) European Journal of Agronomy 72 , S. 38-46.
DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.008
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is able to fix atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with the bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Because these bacteria are not native in European soils, soybean seeds must be inoculated with Bradyrhizobium strains before sowing to fix nitrogen and meet their yield potential. In Central Europe soybean cultivation is still quite new and breeding of early maturing soybean varieties adapted to cool growing conditions has just started.
Monika Messmer,
Prof. Dr. Klaus-Peter Wilbois,
Chris Baier,
Freya Schäfer,
Christine Arncken,
Dora Drexler,
Isabell Hildermann
Plant Breeding Techniques – An Assessment for organic farming (2015) FiBL-Dossier. Hrsg. Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL), CH-Frick, 48 S .
Jennifer Schmidt,
Prof. Dr. Klaus-Peter Wilbois,
Beatrice Tobisch,
Günther Leithold
Berechtigungen: Peer Reviewed
Verbesserung der Jugendentwicklung von Sojabohnen durch Priming und Saatgutbeigaben (2015) Tagungsband zur Soja-Tagung im Rahmen des bundesweiten Soja-Netzwerks, 26. - 27. November 2015 in Freising , S. 91-93.
Jennifer Elise Schmidt,
Monika Messmer,
Prof. Dr. Klaus-Peter Wilbois
Berechtigungen: Peer Reviewed
Beneficial microorganisms for soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr), with a focus on low root-zone temperatures (2015) Plant and Soil 397 , S. 411-445.
DOI: 10.1007/s11104-015-2546-x
BackgroundHeightened interest in biologically-based methods of raising crop yields has driven research into beneficial microorganisms that can be used to improve crop growth and productivity.ScopeThis review addresses the potential of rhizobia, vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM), and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria to improve growth of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) under temperate conditions. Mechanisms of action of beneficial microorganisms and considerations for utilization at all root-zone temperatures (RZTs) are reviewed. Subsequent sections address current knowledge on the inhibition of soybean growth at low RZTs and the potential of beneficial microorganisms to alleviate low temperature stress.ConclusionsThe three categories of beneficial microorganisms discussed differ in their modes of action and have shown potential for additive or synergistic growth promotion of soybean at all RZTs. At low RZT, pot and field studies have identified strains of rhizobia and PGPR, as well as certain phytohormones, that ameliorate the inhibitory effects of cold stress on soybean growth through a variety of mechanisms. Wider use of these treatments could aid the expansion of soybean cultivation in cold climates.
Annkathrin Gronle,
Guido Lux,
Herwart Böhm,
Prof. Dr. Knut Schmidtke,
Melanie Wild,
Markus Demmel,
Robert Brandhuber,
Prof. Dr. Klaus-Peter Wilbois,
Jürgen Heß
Berechtigungen: Peer Reviewed
Effect of ploughing depth and mechanical soil loading on soil physical properties, weed infestation, yield performance and grain quality in sole and intercrops of pea and oat in organic farming (2015) Soil and Tillage Research 148 , S. 59-73.
DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2014.12.004
The effect of ploughing depth and mechanical soil loading on the performance of pea sole crops, oat sole crops and pea–oat intercrops was investigated in field experiments under organic farming conditions at two sites in Germany in 2009 and 2010. The two ploughing depths were short-term shallow ploughing to a soil depth of 7–10 cm and deep ploughing to 25–30 cm. Wheel loads of 26 and 45 kN, which correspond to typical rear wheel loads of field machinery used during sowing operations, were compared to an uncompacted control. Shallow ploughing resulted in a greater penetration resistance in the 14–28 cm soil layer compared to deep ploughing. An increase in mechanical soil loading intensity increased the bulk density and decreased the air capacity in the 10–15 cm soil layer, whereas the penetration resistance was not affected. The annual weed infestation in pea sole crops was higher after shallow than after deep ploughing at both sites. Pea–oat intercrops compensated for the higher weed infestation after shallow ploughing at one site due to their excellent weed suppressive ability. Dependent on oat productivity, pea–oat intercrops produced comparable or higher grain and protein yields than pea sole crops. Intercropped pea yield components and grain protein yields were significantly lower than those of sole cropped peas. The ploughing depth did not affect pea grain yields in either year and oat yields in 2009. Due to a better emergence, the grain and protein yield of sole and intercropped oats were significantly higher after shallow ploughing in 2010. Mechanical soil loading did not have any effect on the yield performance of pea sole crops, oat sole crops and pea–oat intercrops in 2009. In 2010, mechanical soil loading of 26 kN and 45 kN decreased the pea grain yield by 12.1% and 20.8% respectively, regardless of sole or intercropped. Neither the grain yield nor the grain quality of sole and intercropped oats was affected by the mechanical soil loading in 2010. Grain and crude protein yields of total crop stands decreased with increasing mechanical soil loading after deep ploughing, whereas no significant differences were revealed after shallow ploughing. The present study confirms the positive qualities of pea–oat intercrops with regard to weed suppression and plant performance. Shallow ploughing mitigates the risk of a decrease in crop performance caused by heavy field traffic and provides an alternative to deep ploughing even in low weed competitive organically farmed grain legumes.
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